| Product Info
Gridding, Contouring and Volumetrics Software Petrosys gridding gives a better understanding of subsurface data for more successful drilling and exploitation programs. Gridding, contouring and volumetrics calculations are synonymous with mapping in the petroleum industry. To accurately and effectively communicate sub-surface information geoscientists need to be able to bring together geophysical, geological and other knowledge from a range of data sources to compute sub-surface structures that effectively take into account faults and other discontinuities. Petrosys provides the industry's most widely used, effectively connected and integrated tools to meet this need. Petrosys gridding and contouring software integrates geophysical, geological and other knowledge from popular E&P applications and other data sources into grids for mapping, depth conversion and volume estimation. Petrosys gridding takes into account faults and other discontinuities, and provides a range of gridding methods and smart interpolation & weighting techniques. A comprehensive suite of graphical and editing operations are available for contours, faults and surfaces. There are tools for drawing, smoothing, bending, moving, clipping and alphanumeric tools for contour and fault manipulation. Volumetrics turns interpreted geological surfaces and reservoir characteristics into quantity estimates of potential petroleum reserves. Petrosys provides reliable and effective mechanisms for calculating volumes from a depth grid representing top structure for example, or from a pair of grids specifying the top and base of a reservoir, or from a thickness grid representing net pay. Slice volume charting and effective reporting allows management and geoscientists to more easily and effectively apply their understanding of reservoir geometries to critically review and understand the predicted volumes. All of this function is wrapped into an effective workflow manager. This tracks the steps that you take in such a way that you can tailor your workflow; repeat it with alternate data; create a record of the process; and turn a sophisticated sequence of routine computations into a reliable routine task. E&P Information Needs High Performance Gridding To model subsurface features in a way that can be analysed it is necessary to sample them on a consistent regular grid. Once such a grid is available, data acquired from wells can be combined with information from 2D and 3D seismic surveys or other sources. Petrosys gridding takes into account faults and other discontinuities, and provides a range of options that allow the user to apply their geological or engineering knowledge to the gridding process. The gridding workflow delivers velocity, well, and reservoir parameter models, contour and colorfill maps, and detailed volumetrics estimates. Petrosys grid operations provide the basis for many standard EP procedures such as tying seismic velocities or depths to well data; mapping well proximities and sample densities; back interpolating smoothed velocity, time or depth data to wells or seismic lines; estimating reservoir extents; depth conversions; and volumetric computations. The unique sample data editor rounds out the intuitive user interface of Petrosys gridding with a preview of the data extracted for gridding in plan and histogram view. This allows removal of spikes and the addition of control points for extrapolation beyond the sample data area. Petrosys directly accesses a range of data, to create the most effective surface representations possible Petrosys gridding integrates geophysical, geological and other knowledge from popular E&P applications and other data sources into consistent regularly sampled grids for mapping, depth conversions and volume estimation. In Petrosys, data from many sources can be combined directly in a single gridding pass: interpreted seismic horizon data from SeisWorks, GeoQuest, Charisma, SMT; formation tops from Finder, GeoFrame and OpenWorks; well data from PPDM databases, digitized contours, XYZ data files and generic spatial data. Grids can be exported in formats compatible with Eclipse and other popular reservoir simulators, and can be written directly back to OpenWorks databases and saved into RESCUE models. Smart interpolation and weighting techniques are applied to control the impact of sparse well data against densely sampled seismic. Select the most suitable grid computation method The grid computation allows selection of a range of gridding methods based on various curve fitting, spatial averaging, and geostatistical methods, such as:
Smoothing can be applied during and after the gridding process, and the resultant grids can be automatically clipped to within a given distance from the sample locations used. Thanks to a consistent and dynamic user interface, the gridding procedure is very easy to control. Grid geometries don't have to be entered separately for each run as they can be estimated from map sheets or copied from existing grids. An optional interactive graphics display lets the user monitor the grid computation, which can be interrupted if the computation is to be restarted with modified parameters or data. Estimates of the deviation from the raw data of the grid at each stage of the cell subdivision process provide numeric feedback on the quality of the gridding. Petrosys gridding not only understands faults, it practically expects them You can bring in seismic fault cuts from your interpretation system, and can then enhance or add to these by interactive editing. The Petrosys fault data model allows the representation of faults as polygons or centrelines. Z-values can be included along the fault edges, and vertices can be tagged as being on the up- or down-thrown sides. In situations where a structure is highly faulted, Petrosys lets you assign faults to groups so that interpolation and other computations aren't excessively fragmented by discontinuities with small offsets. Faults don't have to create complete breaks, either. You can extrapolate regional trends across faults by restricting the inclusion of faults to the later and more refined stages of the gridding. When gridded information is used in other parts of Petrosys, slope-based interpolation within the grid cells enhances the resolution of computations and displays. Interpolation methods for smoothly varying or sharply discontinuous surfaces can be associated with a specific grid, as can the original fault definitions used in the grid creation. Petrosys gridding effectively maintains large data sets, performantly Petrosys grid management technology allows effective use of very large and sparsely populated grids, and operations across families of gridded surfaces. Grids can be rotated and may have elongated cells, and the sub-cell interpolation can be optimised either for continuous surfaces or for grids in which sharp breaks in slope are expected. A variety of grid merging techniques allows grids to be combined taking into account the relative quality of disparate data sources. Petrosys grids are stored in Unix/Windows interoperable files the size of which is only limited by your operating system. Applications tunable caching ensures that you can operate on extreme grids with modest computer resources. And you won't be expected to provide much disk storage for large holes and other unsampled areas in a regional grid. A Petrosys grid can have elongated cells, and the axes can be rotated to allow alignment with 3D surveys or oblique target structures. Map projection and co-ordinate reference system information stored with a grid allows grids to be converted between UTM zones and geodetic datums. Effective map and quality control structures Petrosys mapping of grids and surfaces from 3rd party interpretation systems includes color fill, light shaded, orthocontour, posted value, dip/azimuth, and high/low displays. Alternate methods of color fill ensure that fast consistent interactive displays can be turned into high resolution hard copy using a range of plotting systems. The superior ability of solid color displays to convey the shape of a surface has made color fill the preferred output format for most surface mapping work. Petrosys can color fill both from grids and from digitized or edited contours. Within each grid cell a slope based interpolation algorithm ensures smooth surface rendering, even with coarse grids. The grid can be assigned a continuous or step based interpolation to cater for different styles of surface. The on-screen display is designed for continuous use, allowing a number of levels of resolution and, like all Petrosys displays, being fully interruptible. Separate rendering methods can be selected for interactive and hardcopy displays. Color gradients can be edited interactively using either RGB or HLS models, and can be saved, restored, and exchanged between projects. A reference color bar can be interactively positioned anywhere in the map or legend area. As faults can be included in grid files, the correct faults for a given surface are automatically available for display. In addition to a color fill display Petrosys mapping also provides illuminated map and 3D shaded displays in which the shape of a surface is highlighted by shading it as though affected by a single light source. This is a particularly effective method of investigating the fine detail of a surface, such as low ridges or channels that would otherwise be obscured by major structural features. Petrosys also provides an effective platform for visualization of surfaces in a 3D visualization canvas. Accountable Volumetrics Volumetrics turns interpreted geological surfaces and reservoir characteristics into quantitative estimates of potential petroleum reserves. Petrosys volumetrics provide slice volume charting and web and XML based reporting. This can be tailored to ensure that management can more easily apply their understanding of reservoir geometries to critically review and understand the predicted volumes. Surface Modeling Workflows All of this function is wrapped into an effective workflow manager. This tracks the steps that you take in such a way that you can tailor your workflow; repeat it with alternate data; create a record of the process; and turn a sophisticated sequence of routine computations into a reliable routine task. Capture functionally complex workflows With Petrosys when developing a workflow that involves a complex sequence of steps that are necessary to produce a small number of outputs - maybe even just a top, base and thickness grid - from a number of inputs where one or more of the inputs are being edited externally to Petrosys gridding. You can create a workflow task list, that helps you to be able to rapidly and simply re-apply a complex processing sequence to see the net effect on the output as the input data is being changed in the external source. For example you might be starting with an interpreted time surface in SeisWorks and picked tops in OpenWorks; your workflow might be the creation of top and base surfaces to the reservoir by gridding the time surface; depth converting to min/most-likely/max scenarios using three different velocity models; adjusting the six (top/base*min/likely/max) grids to the reservoir picks on the wells; truncating the three reservoir picks to an accepted basement depth model; computing the thickness grids; calculating the three volume estimates; and calculating a range of difference grids to illustrate the range of error in the scenarios relative to one another. This entire workflow might take only 1 minute to run but you want to run it every 10 or 20 minutes as your SeisWorks interpretation changes. With Petrosys workflows, you run it 'by hand' on the first pass: with Petrosys this is easy, just click the 'rerun workflow' to run the whole sequence again, as many times as you like. Consider geological scenarios In E&P exploration you need to consider possible geological scenarios, this involves running some modelling calculations with a range of values for one or more parameters. For example you might be doing a depth map in which you want to assess the impact of different smoothing parameters and grid cell sizes on the volume of a structure. The key thing here is creating an output for the one business object (ie. the one specific reservoir) but interpreted using different parameters. After you've built your standard workflow you can use a 'Workflow parameters' option to identify those parameters that you'd like to change and ask that they be presented interactively when the workflow is run. You can also add a workflow step that allows the user to enter remarks and to assign a unique identifier to be embedded in the file names. Create an auditable process The grid header includes much of the meta-data information needed to work out who, why, where, when and from what a grid was computed. As all the workflow logic, and much of the output, is recorded in XML files, it's possible to use the workflow input and XML logging output to create an audit trail of your computations. In this way the total control environment associated with the work can be recorded in a format that is compatible with the XML output log, and for which an open format ensures long term accessibility. The XML output lends itself to further processing in company specific knowledge management or other document automation systems. In addition, Petrosys provides XSL scripts that will report workflow logic, parameters, and output in easily readable HTML (web) formatted pages.
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